The U.S. economy delivered a major upside surprise in the second quarter, expanding far faster than economists had forecast. New government data showed growth remained [1] resilient as consumers and businesses continued spending despite pressure from energy costs and interest rates.
Real gross domestic product increased at an annualized rate of 2.2% from April through June, according to the Commerce Department’s final estimate released Wednesday. Economists surveyed by LSEG had expected the economy to grow by only 1.5%.
The final figure represented a sizable improvement from the previous estimate. It also showed that economic activity held firm even as Americans confronted higher energy costs, elevated borrowing rates and continued uncertainty surrounding inflation.
Consumer spending was a major force behind the stronger result. Spending by American households accounts for roughly two-thirds of the economy, making its performance a critical component of the broader GDP reading.
Today’s economic numbers:
— Q2 GDP revised up to 2.2% (was 1.5%).
— Core PCE 3.0% vs 3.3% expected.
— ADP private jobs +90k vs ~68k expected.Growth beat. Inflation cooled. Jobs better than expected.
The Trump economy is strong.
— David Sacks (@DavidSacks) September 30, 2026 [2]
Household spending increased at a 0.9% pace during the quarter, its strongest showing in nearly two years. That figure was dramatically higher than the Commerce Department’s previous estimate of a mere 0.1% increase.
The revision indicated that consumers spent considerably more than the earlier government estimate had suggested. That spending helped support economic growth during a quarter marked by mounting cost pressures and sharply higher gasoline prices.
Businesses also continued putting money into investments during the quarter. Spending connected to artificial intelligence and other technology helped fuel the broader expansion, adding another source of strength alongside consumer activity.
“Today’s US GDP data shows that consumers and businesses kept spending and investing through the second quarter, despite higher inflation and interest rate uncertainty,” Atsi Sheth, Moody’s Ratings chief credit officer, said in a statement on Wednesday.
The stronger GDP reading arrived despite a difficult economic backdrop. Gasoline prices rose sharply during the quarter, adding to the financial pressure facing households already navigating higher costs and more expensive borrowing.
Even with those challenges, growth held up better than economists had anticipated. Consumers kept spending, and businesses kept investing, helping the economy clear the relatively modest 1.5% growth forecast by a substantial margin.
President Trump and Republicans are keeping the economy growing and inflation lower than expected:
“GDP coming in…quite a bit better, 2.2% versus a 1.5% expectation…August core PCE price index 0.2%…better than expectations. July looks like it was revised down to 0.1%.” pic.twitter.com/sSZs0nrDsC [3]
— RNC Research (@RNCResearch) September 30, 2026 [4]
The second quarter result was still slower than the first quarter, when the economy expanded at an annualized rate of 2.5%. Even so, the final 2.2% reading was significantly stronger than economists surveyed by LSEG had predicted.
The new estimate comes as the Federal Reserve continues wrestling with inflation. Higher interest rates increase borrowing costs for consumers and businesses, and those added expenses can eventually weigh on spending, hiring and investment.
Several Federal Reserve officials have indicated that more rate increases could become necessary if inflation remains stubbornly high. That possibility leaves consumers and companies facing continued uncertainty over borrowing costs, even as the second quarter numbers show spending and investment remained intact.
The GDP report painted a stronger picture than recent measures of consumer sentiment. Consumer confidence dropped this month to its lowest level in 12 years, according to the Conference Board.
More Americans expressed concern about current economic conditions and the possibility of a recession over the next year. That dour mood stood in contrast to the government’s final reading, which showed the economy growing at a much faster pace than expected.
The contrast was striking, with confidence sinking even as economic output exceeded forecasts. While Americans remained worried about costs and a possible recession, their spending during the second quarter proved considerably stronger than the Commerce Department had initially estimated.
Ultimately, the final government estimate delivered an emphatic upside surprise. With GDP growing at a 2.2% annualized rate instead of the expected 1.5%, the economy once again left forecasters staring at numbers that had raced well beyond their projections.